“Adjunct” is another term for “part-time”, and is a common way for people to get started in the field. It provides an individual the opportunity to test out both the work and the institution, and gives the school a chance to try someone out in the classroom without a long term commitment.
While most roles are highly competitive because of the popularity of the field, many institutions are using adjunct faculty for the majority of their instructional positions. It is beneficial for the employers, in part, because there are fewer costs associated with part-time employees.
For more information on searching for and securing an adjunct faculty position, explore the job search: teaching in higher education on-demand tutorial as well as the teaching in higher education web pages.